Static load test of a porous anchorage system with additive manufacturing homologous materials used for CFRP bars
Hu Haiyang1, Yao Tianyun2,3,4,5, Wang Huize2, Zhao Yu1, Xing Guohua2, Yang Bingchen1
1.School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China 2.School of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China 3.University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 4.CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China 5.Xi’an Qiao Bang Engineering Inspection Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710086, China
Abstract:Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars have the advantages of high specific stiffness/strength, corrosion and fatigue resistance, etc., and they are ideal materials to replace traditional steel bars/cables heavy in weight and prone to corrosion and fatigue. To achieve efficient anchorage of CFRP bars and promote the application of additive manufacturing CFRP technology in bridge engineering, this work conducts some static load tests. First, based on the additive manufacturing CFRP technology, a parallel composite porous anchorage system with additive manufacturing homologous materials used for CFRP bars is designed and fabricated. Second, through the static load test, the influences of four key parameters, including anchorage cup length, number of wedges, pre-tightening ratio and shape of grouting cups, on the anchoring performance are systematically analyzed. In addition, the meso-structures of the components after the loading test are observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the anchorage system presents three types of failure modes, namely tensile failure, shear failure and bond failure. When the anchorage cup length increases from 60 mm to 120 mm, the anchoring efficiency increases by 46.65%. When the number of wedges increases from 2 to 4, the anchoring efficiency increases by 12.91%. When the pre-tightening ratio increases from 50% to 100%, the anchoring efficiency increases by 22.45%. Meanwhile, the anchoring efficiency of the conical-shaped grouting cup is higher than that of the straight-tube-shaped one, but the shape of the cone has little effect on the anchoring efficiency. Additionally, the mesoscopic results show that the printing filament structures of the anchorage cup and the wedge are intact, but there are a few defects in the grouting cup and the bonding medium, which however may not affect the structural load-bearing performance. In conclusion, the static performance of the parallel composite porous anchorage system with additive manufacturing homologous materials used for CFRP bars proposed here is reasonable and effective, so this study provides a new idea for the application of additive manufacturing CFRP technology in the field of bridge engineering.
胡海洋, 药天运, 王慧泽, 赵煜, 邢国华, 杨冰晨. CFRP筋用增材制造同源材料多孔锚固系统的静载试验分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2026, 59(11): 71-84.
Hu Haiyang, Yao Tianyun, Wang Huize, Zhao Yu, Xing Guohua, Yang Bingchen. Static load test of a porous anchorage system with additive manufacturing homologous materials used for CFRP bars. 土木工程学报, 2026, 59(11): 71-84.
1 冯鹏. 复合材料在土木工程中的发展与应用[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2014(9): 99-104. FENG Peng. Development and application of composite in civil engineering[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2014(9): 99-104. (in Chinese) 2 赵煜, 胡海洋, 药天运, 等. 3D打印GFRP层内失效力学行为的理论模型及细观机制[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(5): 2713-2731. ZHAO Yu, HU Haiyang, YAO Tianyun, et al. Theoretical models and meso-scale mechanism of in-layer failure mechanical behaviours of 3D printing GFRP[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(5): 2713-2731. (in Chinese) 3 梅葵花, 李雪, 李宇, 等. 大吨位CFRP拉索锚固系统静力性能研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2022, 35(2): 76-87. MEI Kuihua, LI Xue, LI Yu, et al. Study on static performance of large-tonnage anchorage system with CFRP cable[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2022, 35(2): 76-87. (in Chinese) 4 李安邦, 徐善华, 吴成, 等. 外贴CFRP板加固锈蚀钢板疲劳性能试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2021, 54(7): 62-72. LI Anbang, XU Shanhua, WU Cheng, et al. Experimental study on the fatigue performance of corroded steel plate strengthened with externally bonded CFRP plates[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2021, 54(7): 62-72. (in Chinese) 5 叶华文, 王正源, 周渝, 等. 接触压力下CFRP板-钢界面摩擦系数试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2023, 56(6): 100-107. YE Huawen, WANG Zhengyuan, ZHOU Yu, et al. Experimental study on frictional coefficient at CFRP-plate-steel interface under contacting pressure[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2023, 56(6): 100-107. (in Chinese) 6 许瑞天, 陈宗平. CFRP-PVC管内置螺旋筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2024, 57(1): 34-44. XU Ruitian, CHEN Zongping. Experimental study on seismic behavior of concrete columns with spiral reinforcement embedded in CFRP-PVC tube[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2024, 57(1): 34-44. (in Chinese) 7 滕飞. 碳纤维复材筋新型复合式锚具力学性能试验研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2020. TENG Fei. Experimental study on mechanical properties of a new type of composite anchorage with carbon fiber reinforced polymer[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2020. (in Chinese) 8 谭伟. CFRP-钢丝复合筋锚具设计及其预应力混凝土梁比例等刚度设计方法[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2020. TAN Wei. Anchorage design of CFRP-steel wire composite reinforcement and proportional equal stiffness design method of prestressed concrete beam[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese) 9 肖开乾, 何林, 严政梁, 等. FRP筋模块化夹片锚具设计及试验研究[J]. 建筑结构, 2024, 54(3): 39-43, 70. XIAO Kaiqian, HE Lin, YAN Zhengliang, et al. Design and experimental research of FRP rid modular clip anchor[J]. Building Structure, 2024, 54(3): 39-43, 70. (in Chinese) 10 梅葵花, 李宇, 贾文科, 等. 纤维增强复合材料缆索锚固系统研究与应用进展[J]. 土木工程学报, 2023, 56(4): 83-102. MEI Kuihua, LI Yu, JIA Wenke, et al. Review on research and application of fiber reinforced polymer cables-anchorage system[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2023, 56(4): 83-102. (in Chinese) 11 SCHMIDT J W, BENNITZ A, T?LJSTEN B, et al. Mechanical anchorage of FRP tendons-A literature review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012, 32: 110-121. 12 詹界东, 杜修力, 王作虎. CFRP筋夹片-套筒型锚具的研发[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2010, 31(增1): 339-343. ZHAN Jiedong, DU Xiuli, WANG Zuohu. Research on wedge-sleeve anchorages of CFRP tendons[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2010, 31(S1): 339-343. (in Chinese) 13 向宇, 方志, 王常林. 碳纤维拉索及其锚固系统抗冲击性能试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2015, 48(12): 82-90. XIANG Yu, FANG Zhi, WANG Changlin. Experimental study on impact behaviors of CFRP cable and its anchoring system[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015, 48(12): 82-90. (in Chinese) 14 蒋田勇, 方志. CFRP筋复合式锚具锚固性能的试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2010, 43(2): 79-87. JIANG Tianyong, FANG Zhi. Experimental investigation on the performance of wedge-bond anchors for CFRP tendons[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 43(2): 79-87. (in Chinese) 15 张攀. 碳纤维复合材料平行束索及锚具受力性能与设计方法研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2014. Zhang Pan. Study on the mechanical performance and design method of CFRP parallel-rod cables and anchorages[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2014. (in Chinese) 16 梅葵花, 孙亚民, 孙晨然, 等. CFRP筋新型机械夹持-黏结型复合式锚具短期静力性能试验[J]. 中国公路学报, 2021, 34(1): 66-78. MEI Kuihua, SUN Yamin, SUN Chenran, et al. Short-term performance of a novel mechanical-bond composite anchorage with CFRP tendons[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2021, 34(1): 66-78. (in Chinese) 17 MEI K H, SUN S J, LI B, et al. Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of a bond-type anchor for carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons[J]. Composite Structures, 2018, 201: 193-199. 18 MEI K H, SUN Y M, SUN S J, et al. Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of a novel anchorage for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendon[J]. Composite Structures, 2020, 234: 111704. 19 SUN Y M, MEI K H, SUN S J, et al. Optimal design of a novel composite anchorage for carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons[J]. Polymers, 2022, 14(10): 2048. 20 CAI D S, XU Z H, YIN J, et al. A numerical investigation on the performance of composite anchors for CFRP tendons[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 112: 848-855. 21 CAI D S, YIN J, LIU R G. Experimental and analytical investigation into the stress performance of composite anchors for CFRP tendons[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015, 79: 530-534. 22 史健喆, 汪昕, 吴智深. 采用同源材料夹片锚具的玄武岩纤维复材筋体外预应力加固混凝土梁受弯性能研究[J]. 工业建筑, 2019, 49(9): 156-160. SHI Jianzhe, WANG Xin, WU Zhishen. Flexural behavior of rc beams prestressed with external basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons using a composite-wedge anchorage[J]. Industrial Construction, 2019, 49(9): 156-160. (in Chinese) 23 TERRASI G P, AFFOLTER C, BARBEZAT M. Numerical optimization of a compact and reusable pretensioning anchorage system for CFRP tendons[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2011, 15(2): 126-135. 24 张磊. 基于同源材料的FRP筋夹片式锚具优化设计及性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2019. ZHANG Lei. Study on optimization design for a wedge anchor of FRP tendon based on homologous materials and its performance[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2019. (in Chinese) 25 李元琪. FRP筋复合材料变刚度夹片锚优化设计及性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2021. LI Yuanqi. Optimization design and performance of variable-stiffness wedge anchorage based for FRP tendon[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021. (in Chinese) 26 怀臣子. 基于FRP材料的非金属锚具系统理论及应用研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2011. HUAI Chenzi. Research on the application and theory of non-metallic anchorage system based on FRP materials[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2011. (in Chinese) 27 Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics: ASTM D638-22[S]. West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2022. 28 预应力筋用锚具、夹具和连接器: GB/T 14370—2015[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016. Anchorage, grip and coupler for prestressing tendons: GB/T 14370—2015[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2016. (in Chinese) 29 预应力纤维增强复合材料用锚具和夹具: T/CECS 10112—2020[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. Anchorage and grip for prestressing fiber-reinforced polymer: T/CECS 10112—2020[S]. Beijing: Stand Press of China, 2021. (in Chinese)