In order to investigate the response of high strength aluminum alloy structures under earthquake and to develop constitutive relationship of high strength aluminum alloy under cyclic loading, tests of 17 7A04 high strength aluminum alloy specimens were conducted under monotonic loading and many kinds of cyclic loading. The monotonic behavior, hysteretic behavior, macroscopic failure modes and micro-failure modes under electron microscope of the material were analyzed. Stress-strain skeleton curves under cyclic loading were fitted by Ramberg-Osgood model and compared with stress-strain curves under monotonic loading. The test results show that 7A04 high strength aluminum alloy has relatively poor ductility. The specimens break in a sudden process and the fracture surface makes a 45-degree angle with the tensile stress direction. Cyclic hardening behavior appears in the cyclic loading tests. When the compressive strain is larger than 1%, the stiffness degradation and strength degradation occur. The material shows mixed hardening behavior in the tests which includes isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening. The constitutive relationship of the high strength aluminum alloy under cyclic loading differs from that under monotonic loading. These two types of different constitutive relationship should be distinguished. The paper supplies an important basis and foundation for accurate calculation of high strength aluminum alloy structures under earthquakes.