Abstract: The effect of vertical seismic actions on the dynamic responses of high-rise chimney structure cannot be ignored. A 240m-height RC chimney is studied and the damage caused by environmental factors is considered. Composite shell element is adopted to establish the three-dimensional structural nonlinear analytical model by the finite element software ABAQUS. In order to perform the incremental dynamic analysis considering the uncertainty of the ground motions, 20 ground motion records are selected based on the matched-spectrum principle. The one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional base excitation ground motion records are used in the analysis, respectively. The peak ground acceleration and maximum strain are selected as the intensity measure and engineering demand parameters. Based on the material strain of concrete and rebar, the limit values of four damage states are defined. Combined with the responses of structures obtained by incremental dynamic analysis, the vulnerability curve is calculated with the curve fitting method. Then the seismic fragility and collapse probability curves of high-rise RC chimney structures under different seismic wave inputs are obtained. The results show that the probability of the vulnerability and collapse of the high-rise chimneys considering the multi-dimensional seismic actions is larger than that just considering one-dimensional seismic actions.