Concrete rectangular liquid storage structures (CRLSSs) have received wide applications in civil engineering because of their unique advantages. However, many destruction cases about this kind of structure have been witnessed in the past earthquakes, indicating that reducing the damage probability of such structures under earthquake is in urgent demand. In order to study effectiveness of sliding shock insulator on seismic response reduction of CRLSSs, dynamic responses of CRLSS without shock insulator, with LRB insulator and with sliding shock insulator and limiting devices were comparatively studied based on reduced-scale shaking table tests, advantages of sliding shock insulator for seismic response reduction of CRLSSs were discussed, and the control effect of limiting devices on sliding displacement of structure was investigated; besides, the rationality of numerical model based on ALE method was verified. The results show that sliding shock insulator has good control effect on dynamic responses of structure and liquid sloshing height, and the seismic response reduction effect of the sliding shock insulator is obviously better than that of LRB insulator; reasonable design of limiting devices can overcome the defects of excessive displacement and large residual displacement of CRLSS with sliding shock insulator under earthquake. Because sliding shock insulator with the system of limiting devices can remain intact after earthquake and its cost is low, a very good application prospect of CRLSSs for seismic response reduction can be anticipated.