Seismic resilience of structure indicates the capacity of maintaining or restoring structure functionality after the earthquake. Seismic resilience assessment of structures has become a hot research topic in earthquake engineering in recent years. The seismic resilience of a representative code-conformed mid-rise reinforced concrete frame structure in China was investigated. Considering the uncertainties of design parameters and repair behaviors, the differences of resilience under far and near fault earthquake were compared. Incremental dynamic analysis was conducted to obtain the fragility curves, based on which the seismic economic loss, residual functionality and functionality recovery process were obtained. The results indicate that, compared to far fault earthquakes, near fault earthquakes could cause larger damage to structures. Near fault effects could increase the fragilities of structures significantly and could cause larger economic loss, smaller residual functionality and longer functionality recovery process. Consequently, near fault earthquakes may decrease seismic resilience of concrete frame structures. Neglecting the uncertainties of the structure can underestimate the seismic economic loss, and may overestimate the residual functionality and the seismic resilience. The research results can be referred in the seismic design or retrofit of reinforced concrete frame structures under near fault seismic hazard.