Energy-dissipation earthquake-reduction technology can effectively improve the seismic performance of prefabricated concrete (PC) structures and can improve their failure modes. However, studies on the PC frame structures with buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) are still lacking. Cyclic loading tests on three PC frames with BRBs and one cast-in-place concrete frame were conducted to investigate the seismic behavior and failure mechanism of PC frame with BRBs. Seismic performance of PC frames with BRBs and PC beam-column connections fabricated in integral type and hidden corbel type was studied under earthquake action. The experimental phenomena and failure characteristics were observed and recorded. The hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, ductility coefficients, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the structures were analyzed. The test results show that the PC frames with BRBs have good energy dissipation capacity and ductility, the ductility coefficient μ is between 3.02 and 3.61, the energy dissipation E is between 1.464 and 1.759. It was verified that BRBs could effectively improve the seismic performance of PC frames and improve their failure modes. Novel construction detail between BRB and PC beam-column connection was developed to ensure the cooperative working between PC frame and BRBs under earthquake action. The studied results can provide scientific basis for the design and application of BRBs in PC frames.