In order to study the seismic behavior of steel frame structure of traditional style buildings, the experimental model was designed according to the scale of 1:2 proportion, and the pseudo-dynamic test was carried out to obtain the strain distribution, acceleration responses, displacement responses, hysteretic characteristics and energy consumption in the elastic and elastic-plastic stages. The elastic-plastic dynamic time history analysis of the test frame was carried out by the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, and the stress distribution and failure modes were obtained. The results show that when the peak acceleration of El Centro wave, Taft wave, Lanzhou artificial wave and Wenchuan wave is 70gal, 200gal and 400gal, respectively, the steel frame structure is basically still in elastic stage, and there is no obvious plastic deformation and failure. When the acceleration peak of Wenchuan wave is 620gal, the Dou of Z-1 column and the Gong of the long-span side of Z-2 column are successively yielded, and the structure enters the elastic-plastic stage. At this time, the maximum interlayer displacement angle of the structure is 1/203, and the skeleton curve still has an upward trend, which shows that the steel frame structure has stronger lateral resistance and higher bearing capacity. The structure yields in the bucket, the beam and the column in sequence, which indicates that the seismic performance of the steel frame structure in traditional style buildings is excellent.